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为实现大长径比小孔轴线直线度的高精度测量，提出一种光杠杆图形投影的轴线直线度测量方法。在检测系统中利用光轴直线传播与光杠杆放大原理，结合远距离投影面型的相关性，采用图形轮廓提取与中心坐标计算的方法，确定远距离投影屏上的轴线位置。根据像素坐标变换和空间坐标转换方法对提取的中心点坐标进行修正，从而获取大长径比小孔的轴线直线度。通过原理样机的研制和相关性能的测试，对内径8 mm、长度300 mm的超大长径比（长径比大于5至10为深孔，大于20为大长径比孔）深孔零件的轴线直线度进行了测试，实现5μm以内的重复性检测精度。
Abstract：In order to realize high-precision measurement of the straightness of the axis of small holes with large aspect ratio, this paper proposes a method of measuring the straightness of the axis by light bar graphic projection. Using the principle of optical axis linear propagation and optical lever amplification in the inspection system, combined with the correlation of the remote projection surface type, the method of graphic contour extraction and center coordinate calculation is used to determine the position of the axis on the remote projection screen. The extracted center point coordinates are corrected according to the pixel coordinate transformation and spatial coordinate conversion methods, so as to obtain the axial straightness of small holes with large aspect ratio. Through the development of the principle prototype and the test of related performance,the axis straightness of the deep hole parts with an inner diameter of 8 mm and a length of 300 mm with a superlarge L/D ratio(L/D ratios greater than 5 to 10 are considered to be deep holes, and those greater than 20 are considered to be holes with large L/D ratios) has been tested, and this method achieves repeatable detection accuracy within 5 μm.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:TG306;TP391.41
引用信息:
[1]胡蝶,郑方燕,胡瑶等.一种大长径比小孔的轴线直线度测量方法[J].中国测试,2025,51(08):47-53.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52375526,51875070); 重庆市教委重大项目(KJZD-M202201103); 重庆市科委自然科学基金面上项目资助(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0950)