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飞机承力梁是飞机的重要承力结构件，长时间处于受力状态，在其虎口位置应力集中易萌生疲劳裂纹，而裂纹隐藏于较厚的多层异质复合层下，导致涡流检测提离大，并且空间狭小对检测带来极大不便。文章针对多层异质结构件隐藏裂纹的大提离检测难题，提出基于谐振法的涡流检测传感方法，仿真研究线圈尺寸参数及结构对检测信号的影响，发现检测线圈与平衡线圈间距为1.5 mm时，具有最佳检测灵敏度。为验证该仿真模型的正确性，开展承力部件大提离涡流检测试验，试验结果表明，激励频率为30 kHz时具有最佳检测灵敏度，在复合层厚度为3 mm时信号幅值达到最小，保持复合材料层厚度不变，随着激励频率的增加，涡流检测信号幅值呈衰减趋势，最小检测缺陷长×宽×深尺寸为5 mm×0.2 mm×5 mm，且能够对缺陷进行精准定位，为飞机多层异质结构隐藏裂纹的定量检测提供依据。
Abstract：The aircraft load-bearing beam is an important structural component of the aircraft, which is subjected to stress for a long time. At its tiger mouth position, stress concentration can easily lead to fatigue cracks, and the cracks are hidden under thick multi-layer heterogeneous composite layers, resulting in large eddy current testing lift and extremely inconvenient detection due to limited space. This article proposes a resonant based eddy current detection sensing method for detecting hidden cracks in multi-layer heterostructures. The influence of coil size parameters and structure on the detection signal is simulated and studied. It is found that the optimal detection sensitivity is achieved when the distance between the detection coil and the balance coil is 1.5 mm. To verify the correctness of the simulation model, a large lift off eddy current testing experiment was conducted on the load-bearing components. The test results showed that the optimal detection sensitivity was achieved at an excitation frequency of 30 kHz. The signal amplitude reached its minimum at a composite layer thickness of 3 mm, while keeping the composite material layer thickness unchanged. As the excitation frequency increased, the amplitude of the eddy current testing signal showed a decreasing trend. The minimum detection defect length × width × depth dimension was 5 mm × 0.2 mm × 5 mm, and the defect could be accurately located, providing a basis for quantitative detection of hidden cracks in multi-layer heterogeneous structures of aircraft.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:V267;V215
引用信息:
[1]奚之飞,陈文亮.基于谐振法的飞机多层异质结构件涡流检测方法研究[J].中国测试,2025,51(08):21-32.
基金信息: