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叶片是一类非规则复杂曲面零件，其表面粗糙度的大小对发动机的性能有着重要影响，但关于其表面粗糙度参数的测量评价标准规范还不够完善。尤其在三维测量方面，虽然表面三维形貌测量技术已逐渐发展成熟，但对应的评定标准和校准规范未能同步跟上，难以指导叶片表面粗糙度具体的测量工艺。为提高叶片表面粗糙度的测量可靠性，对叶片表面粗糙度测量过程的影响因素如叶片装夹、光照强弱、评定长度等开展试验研究，并对粗糙度三维评定方法和二维评定方法开展对比分析。试验结果表明，在重复装夹和光照度变化的情况下，三维评定方法的测量结果相对波动基本在3%以内，在相同取样长度的情况下，三维评定方法参与评定的数据长度达到2倍取样长度其测量结果即达到稳定。三维评定方法相对于二维来说，受到测量过程影响因素的影响程度更小，测量结果更稳定，测量效率更高。一定程度上验证三维表面粗糙度评定方法的优势，为推进表面粗糙度三维测量设备和方法在民机发动机叶片研制上的推广和应用提供支撑。
Abstract：Aircraft engine blades are a type of irregular and complex curved parts, and the performance of the engine is greatly affected by the surface roughness of the blades. However, the measurement and evaluation standards for blade surface roughness parameters are not yet perfect. Especially in the field of 3D measurement, although the 3D topography measurement technology of the surface has been gradually developed, the corresponding evaluation standards and calibration specifications have not kept up, making it difficult to guide the specific measurement process of blade surface roughness. In order to improve the measurement reliability of blade surface roughness, experimental research has been conducted on the influencing factors of blade surface roughness measurement process, such as blade clamping, light intensity,and evaluation length. A comparative analysis has been conducted on the 3D and 2D evaluation methods of roughness. It is indicated by the experimental results that the relative fluctuation of the measurement results of the 3D evaluation method is basically within 3% under repeated clamping and changes in illumination,and the measurement results of the 3D evaluation method can reach stability when the length of the data involved in the evaluation reaches twice the sampling length. The 3D evaluation method is less affected by the factors affecting the measurement process compared to 2D methods, resulting in more stable measurement results and higher measurement efficiency. To some extent, the advantages of the 3D surface roughness evaluation method have been verified, providing support for the promotion and application of surface roughness 3D measurement equipment and methods in the development of civil aircraft engine blades.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:TG84
引用信息:
[1]黄文娟,金炜,倪博等.叶片表面粗糙度测量三维和二维评价比对分析[J].中国测试,2025,51(08):33-39.
基金信息:
国家科技重大专项(J2019-VⅢ-0015-0176)